It is well established that the sliding mode control strategy provides an effective and robust method of controlling the deterministic system due to its well-known invariance property to a class of bounded disturbance and parameter variations. Advances in microcomputer technologies have made digital control increasingly popular among the researchers worldwide. And that led to the study of discr…
In the last two decades fractional differential equations have been used more frequently in physics, signal processing, fluid mechanics, viscoelasticity, mathematical biology, electro chemistry and many others. It opens a new and more realistic way to capture memory dependent phenomena and irregularities inside the systems by using more sophisticated mathematical analysis. This monograph is …
Calculus thrives on continuity. At its core is the assumption that things change smoothly, that everything is only infinitesimally different from what it was a moment before. Like a movie, calculus reimagines reality as a series of snapshots, and then recombines them, instant by instant, frame by frame, the succession of imperceptible changes creating an illusion of seamless flow. This way …