The present volume focuses on the political perceptions of the Hajj, its global religious appeal to Muslims, and the European struggle for influence and supremacy in the Muslim world in the age of pre-colonial and colonial empires. In the late fifteenth century and early sixteenth century, a pivotal change in seafaring occurred, through which western Europeans played important roles in politics…
The present volume focuses on the political perceptions of the Hajj, its global religious appeal to Muslims, and the European struggle for influence and supremacy in the Muslim world in the age of pre-colonial and colonial empires. In the late fifteenth century and early sixteenth century, a pivotal change in seafaring occurred, through which western Europeans played important roles in politics…
Drawing on newly-discovered archival materials, the study offers a comprehensive and critical reading of the polemics of Sheikh RashÄ«d Riá¸?Ä? and his associates on Christianity in al-ManÄ?r, and their fascinating encounters with Arab Christians and Christian missionary movements