This book focuses on the evolution of plant viruses, their molecular classification, epidemics and management, covering topics relating to evolutionary mechanisms, viral ecology and emergence, appropriate analysis methods, and the role of evolution in taxonomy. The currently emerging virus species are increasingly becoming a threat to our way of life, both economically and physically. Plant vir…
This book presents the most advanced review available of all aspects of π-electron systems, including novel structures, new synthetic protocols, chemical and physical properties, spectroscopic and computational insights, molecular engineering, device properties and physiological properties. π-Electron systems are ubiquitous in nature. Plants convert light energy into chemical energy by photos…
This book provides the latest information on cancer metastasis from the standpoint of inflammation, especially innate immune reactions caused by endogenous mediators but not exogenous pathogens, with ideas on how to understand the complicated mechanisms of metastasis as well as to interpret therapeutic targets. The book includes the topic of the emerging roles of endogenous TLR4 ligands whose f…
Göytepe: Neolithic Excavations in the Middle Kura Valley, Azerbaijan, publishes the first round of fieldwork and research (2008-2013) at this key site for understanding the emergence and development of food-producing communities in the South Caucasus. Situated close to the Fertile Crescent of Southwest Asia, where Neolithisation processes occurred earlier, research in the South Caucasus raises…
Experts discuss the potential for open education tools, resources, and knowledge to transform the economics and ecology of education. Given the abundance of open education initiatives that aim to make educational assets freely available online, the time seems ripe to explore the potential of open education to transform the economics and ecology of education. Despite the diversity of tools and r…
In a globalized market where the emerging workforce will increasingly travel within their nations and abroad for work opportunities, it is valuable to learn about the international education system and practices, to assess the competition. For example, annual comparison of student performance is measured across math and science subjects globally. What is not well known is how geography educatio…
Bringing together the most up-to-date research on post-traumatic arthritis (PTA) and its management, this book is a comprehensive presentation of the current thinking on all aspects of the mechanisms of joint injury and subsequent development of PTA. Divided into thematic sections, it includes discussions of the incidence and burden of PTA, both in society at large and in the military populatio…
The aim of this book is to present current views about physical activity and the benefits of physical activity in preventing and ameliorating various health conditions that are of worldwide concern. This book was developed as a compilation of the accomplishments of the five-year Global COE (Center of Excellence) “Sport Sciences for the Promotion of Active Life” Program at the Faculty of Spo…
This book is devoted to innovative medicine, comprising the proceedings of the Uehara Memorial Foundation Symposium 2014. It remains extremely rare for the findings of basic research to be developed into clinical applications, and it takes a long time for the process to be achieved. The task of advancing the development of basic research into clinical reality lies with translational science, ye…
The book is a collection of high-quality peer-reviewed research papers presented at the third International Conference on Innovations in Computer Science and Engineering (ICICSE 2015) held at Guru Nanak Institutions, Hyderabad, India during 7 – 8 August 2015. The book discusses a wide variety of industrial, engineering and scientific applications of the emerging techniques. Researchers from a…