Language has a salient role of indicating group membership and is considered a symbol of different social identities. Within the Arabic language, variation across countries and regions create multiple identities, and the classification of Arabic into Standard Arabic (SA) and dialects has long created controversial positions about issues of belonging and intelligibility. This chapter explores re…
The United Arab Emirates puts tremendous effort into protecting the Arabic language and reinforcing its position as the language of the country's constitution and national identity. The country's higher education system is built on English-medium instruction, which, alongside the worldwide adherence to native-like norms that accompanies English as a global language, appears to reduce the opport…