Educational institutions offer different teacher education programmes to prepare teachers to effectively implement a plurilingual approach in the language classroom. The formative model that underlies those programmes is of two types: training sessions through conference and workshops, as well as collaborative work between universities and schools
Debates about the etiology of addiction among researchers and policymakers have a long history and continue to the present day. In contemporary societies within a range of nations, the brain disease model of addiction (BDMA) has received strong support. This has come, in particular, from US agencies such as the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and American Society of Addiction Medi…
This chapter explores the leadership practices of Mission Commanders. The major focus is on key features in leadership practices that contribute to effective samhandling in the execution of Composite Air Operations and handling of unexpected events. “Aerial warfare” is the term used to describe the use of military aircraft and other aeronautical equipment in warfare
The Routledge Handbook of Translation and Education will present the state of the art of the place and role of translation in educational contexts worldwide. It lays a sound foundation for the future interdisciplinary cooperation between Translation Studies and Educational Linguistics. By adopting a transdisciplinary perspective, the handbook will bring together the various fields of scholarly …
Digital media have come to play an important role in the work of political parties and campaign organizations all over the world. Examples for the use of digital media in the United States (US) like Barack Obama’s presidential campaigns of 2008 and 2012 and Donald Trump’s campaign of 2016 dominate the public imagination.
"This chapter explores the link between social innovation and collaboration among change agents and stakeholders. Social innovation is a field on the rise, both practically and theoretically (Cajaiba-Santana, 2014), and involves new ideas for tackling unmet social needs and solving current social problems (Mulgan et al., 2007). Even though social innovation has great potential, confronting unce…
This paper examines the vital contribution of neighbourhoods to the flourishing of individuals and families. Our analysis complements that of some other essays in this volume, which consider the contribution of the life of the family to a flourishing and functional social order. The central hypothesis to be explored is that (a) the neighbourhood plays a critical role, not easily replaced by oth…
The two statements above refer to the same town, Tynda, a place in East Siberia that has been called the capital of the BAM, or the Baikal-Amur Mainline, a railroad line running parallel to the Trans-Siberian Railroad and north of Lake Baikal
This chapter develops process tracing (PT) as a method for Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA). It explains what it takes to conduct PT, trace a mechanism, and draw conclusions on that basis. Importantly, I develop a form of PT that is amendable to the more actor-centered and oftentimes, though not necessarily, interpretivist approaches to FPA (Houghton 2007; Hudson 2005). In the PT I propose ther…
The purpose of this chapter is twofold. Firstly, a rather paradoxical situation will be discussed. Even though most military practitioners seem to agree on the characteristics of war, two almost diametrically-opposed norms for how to samhandle have arisen: a centralized one and a decentralized one