Measurement is a multidisciplinary experimental science. Measurement systems synergistically blend science, engineering and statistical methods to provide fundamental data for research, design and development, control of processes and operations, and facilitate safe and economic performance of systems. In recent years, measuring techniques have expanded rapidly and gained maturity, through exte…
This book introduces a number of selected advanced topics in mass transfer phenomenon and covers its theoretical, numerical, modeling and experimental aspects. The 26 chapters of this book are divided into five parts. The first is devoted to the study of some problems of mass transfer in microchannels, turbulence, waves and plasma, while chapters regarding mass transfer with hydro-, magnetohydr…
Organic coatings have shown an impressive evolution in recent years, both scientifically and technologically. Nanotechnology and surface science allows the development of multifunctional materials combining different properties, such as corrosion protective actions, aesthetical functions, hydrophobic properties, and self-healing ability
This paper comprehensively reviews the spiral dynamics optimization (SDO) algorithm and investigates its characteristics. SDO algorithm is one of the most straightforward physics-based optimization algorithms and is successfully applied in various broad fields
This book is a compilation of works presenting recent developments and practical applica‐ tions in optical fiber technology. It provides an overview of recent advances in optical fiber related researches of fundamental topics and applications
We propose in this paper two heuristic strategies to solve the regenerator placement problem (RPP) in translucent networks under dynamic traffic. The heuristics are based on both the forecast of the offered load and estimates of blocking probabilities in the network nodes
Abstract This book consists of 11 chapters, divided into four parts. The chapters are written by experts in the field of aflatoxins. Select topics are presented here to provide a snapshot of current understanding of the occurrence and metabolism of aflatoxin B1, the contamination, exposure, and detection of aflatoxin B1, and the toxicological effects and detoxification of aflatoxin. The book i…
High-speed optical communication is very much useful part in our advanced fibre-based telecommunication systems, data processing and networking systems. It consists of a trans‐ mitter that encodes the message signal into an optical signal, a channel/ link that carries this optical signal to its desired destination, and a receiver that reproduces the original message from the received opti…
Abstract This book provides the first overview of the history and development of Islam in Afghanistan. Written by leading international experts, chapters cover every era from the conversion of Afghanistan through the medieval period to the present day. Based on primary sources in Arabic, Persian, Pashto, Uzbek, and Urdu, its depth of coverage is unrivalled in providing a developmental picture …
Abstract Afforestation/reforestation (or forestation) has been implemented worldwide as an effective measure towards sustainable ecosystem services and addresses global environmental problems such as climate change. The conversion of grasslands, croplands, shrublands, or bare lands to forests can dramatically alter forest water, energy, and carbon cycles and, thus, ecosystem services (e.g., ca…