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Biodiversity and Conservation in Forests
Global forest communities cover only about 30% of land areas, but they provide
important ecosystem services, such as watershed protection, carbon sequestration, and oxygen
production, as well as renewable forest products for human subsistence and markets. Forests
also support the majority of the world’s terrestrial biodiversity. Although land conversion for
agriculture and pastureland has historically resulted in fragmentation and declining forested
areas, forests worldwide are now experiencing change at an unprecedented rate due to various
anthropogenic activities and growing human populations. Global warming trends are altering
snowpack and hydrology, fostering outbreaks of native forest pests, and accelerating the loss of
older tree age classes. Modeling suggests that future fire regimes in temperate regions will have
shorter return intervals, with more severe wildfires. In addition, a by-product of trade and
travel globalization has been the accelerated transport of plants and animals, and plant and
animal diseases, around the world. Exotic species have altered community composition,
especially where foundational tree species are affected. Every forest community worldwide is
challenged by some of these problems.
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