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Principles of Nutrition Textbook
In the 1980s, Australian physicians Barry Marshall and Robin Warren proposed a radical
hypothesis — that the cause of ulcers was bacteria that could survive in the acidic environment
of the stomach and small intestine1
. They met with significant opposition to their hypothesis
but they persisted with their research. Their research led to an understanding that the spiral
shape of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) allows it to penetrate the stomach’s
mucous lining, where it secretes an enzyme that generates substances to neutralize the
stomach’s acidity. This weakens the stomach’s protective mucous, making the tissue more
susceptible to the damaging effects of acid, leading to the development of sores and ulcers. H.
pylori also prompt the stomach to produce even more acid, further damaging the stomach
lining
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