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The Gene Ontology Handbook
The Gene Ontology (GO) is the leading project to organize biological knowledge on genes
and their products in a formal and consistent way across genomic resources. This has had a
profound impact at several levels. First, such standardization has made possible the integration of multiple resources and sources of knowledge, thereby increasing their discoverability and simplifying their usage. Second, it has greatly facilitated—some might say exceedingly
so—data mining, aggregate analyses, and other forms of automated knowledge extraction.
Third, it has led to an increase in the overall quality of the resources by enforcing minimum
requirements across all of them.
Even considering these advantages, the rapid adoption of the GO in the community has
been remarkable. In the 15 years since the publication of its introductory article [ 1 ], over
100,000 scientifi c articles containing the keyword “Gene Ontology” have been published
and the rate is still increasing (Google Scholar).
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