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The Search for Ultralight Bosonic Dark Matter
To set the stage for our study of ultralight bosonic dark matter (UBDM),
we review the evidence for the existence of dark matter: galactic and stellar
dynamics, gravitational lensing studies, measurements of the cosmic microwave
background radiation (CMB), surveys of the large-scale structure of the universe,
and the observed abundance of light elements. This diverse array of observational
evidence informs what we know about dark matter: its universal abundance, its
spatial and velocity distribution, and that its explanation involves physics beyond the
Standard Model. But what we know about dark matter is far outweighed by what we
do not know. We examine UBDM in the context of several of the most prominent
alternative hypotheses for the nature of dark matter: weakly interacting massive
particles (WIMPs), sterile neutrinos, massive astrophysical compact halo objects
(MACHOs), and primordial black holes (PBHs). Finally we examine some of the
key general characteristics of UBDM, including its wavelike nature, coherence
properties, and couplings to Standard Model particles and fields.
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