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Speciesism in Biology and Culture
              peciesism is to species as racism is to race. The tenets of both are 
baseless on all grounds. Although our consciousness is currently raised toward the 
latter, the former remains persistent and infectious. Speciesism begins with how 
we view ourselves in relation to the natural world, and leads to behavior that challenges our future on this planet. Our naïve exceptionalism has repercussions for 
ecology, ethics, conservation, law, culture, and the energy and resource base that 
powers human society. We are merely a part of the natural world, though we have 
behaved for centuries through a myopia of perceived dominion. By our actions, we are 
now pushing against a significant number of planetary boundaries, such as threats 
to natural resources, climate, biodiversity, and the ecological networks that keep 
humanity afloat. With each passing day, the distinction blurs between the anthroposphere and the ecosphere, between humanity and the earth-system. As transformers 
of this planet’s environment, we are one of the greatest ecosystem engineers the earth 
has ever seen. Yet we remain dependent upon nature, and how we behave over the 
next few decades will determine our prosperity on this planet and beyond            
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