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Calcium Signaling in Human Health and Diseases
Intracellular Ca2+ signals regulate a myriad of cellular functions, ranging from short-term responses, such as excitation-contraction coupling and stimulus-secretion coupling, to long-term processes, such as proliferation, gene expression, differentiation, motility, synaptic plasticity, programmed cell death (or apoptosis), and metabolism. It is, therefore, not surprising that any derangement of the multifaceted Ca2+ toolkit that shapes the elevation in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) may lead to severe pathological disorders, including cancer, chronic heart
failure, epileptic and neurodegenerative disorders, immunodeficiency, and developmental defects.
An increase in [Ca2+]i is shaped by the concerted interaction among the components of an extremely
versatile network of channels, transporters, pumps, and buffers that can be uniquely assembled by
each cell type to generate intracellular Ca2+ signals with spatio-temporal properties precisely tailored
to regulate specific functions.
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