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Algorithms and Data Structures With Applications to Graphics and Geometry
A program can be designed with the barest of tools, paper and pencil, or in the programmer's head. In the realm
of such informal environments, a program design may contain vague concepts expressed in an informal notation.
Before he or she can execute this program, the programmer needs a programming environment, typically a
complex system with many distinct components: a computer and its operating system, utilities, and program
libraries; text and program editors; various programming languages and their processors. Such real programming
environments force programmers to express themselves in formal notations.
Programming is the realization of a solution to a problem, expressed in terms of those operations provided by a
given programming environment. Most programmers work in environments that provide very powerful operations
and tools.
The more powerful a programming environment, the simpler the programming task, at least to the expert who
has achieved mastery of this environment. Even an experienced programmer may need several months to master a
new programming environment, and a novice may give up in frustration at the multitude of concepts and details he
or she must understand before writing the simplest program.
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