Hardin explains that each herdsman found it more profitable to graze more animals than the pasture could support, since each took all the profit from an extra animal but bore only a fraction of the cost of overgrazing. Yet, what Hardin calls a “Tragedy of the Commons” is rather a “Tragedy of Open Access” (Feeny et al., 1990), since Hardin confuses the characteristics of a resource, such…
Debates about the etiology of addiction among researchers and policymakers have a long history and continue to the present day. In contemporary societies within a range of nations, the brain disease model of addiction (BDMA) has received strong support. This has come, in particular, from US agencies such as the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and American Society of Addiction Medi…
This chapter explores the leadership practices of Mission Commanders. The major focus is on key features in leadership practices that contribute to effective samhandling in the execution of Composite Air Operations and handling of unexpected events. “Aerial warfare” is the term used to describe the use of military aircraft and other aeronautical equipment in warfare
Digital media have come to play an important role in the work of political parties and campaign organizations all over the world. Examples for the use of digital media in the United States (US) like Barack Obama’s presidential campaigns of 2008 and 2012 and Donald Trump’s campaign of 2016 dominate the public imagination.
The two statements above refer to the same town, Tynda, a place in East Siberia that has been called the capital of the BAM, or the Baikal-Amur Mainline, a railroad line running parallel to the Trans-Siberian Railroad and north of Lake Baikal
This chapter develops process tracing (PT) as a method for Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA). It explains what it takes to conduct PT, trace a mechanism, and draw conclusions on that basis. Importantly, I develop a form of PT that is amendable to the more actor-centered and oftentimes, though not necessarily, interpretivist approaches to FPA (Houghton 2007; Hudson 2005). In the PT I propose ther…
The purpose of this chapter is twofold. Firstly, a rather paradoxical situation will be discussed. Even though most military practitioners seem to agree on the characteristics of war, two almost diametrically-opposed norms for how to samhandle have arisen: a centralized one and a decentralized one
Racial and Ethnic Diversity in the Performing Arts Workforce examines the systemic and institutional barriers and individual biases that continue to perpetuate a predominately White nonprofit performing arts workforce in the United States. Workforce diversity, for purposes of this book, is defined as racial and ethnic diversity among workforce participants and stakeholders in the performing art…
In The New Midlife Self-Writing, Wittman treats recent self-writing by Rachel Cusk, Roxane Gay, Sarah Manguso, and Maggie Nelson, carefully situating these vital midlife works within the history of self-writing. She argues that they renew and redirect the autobiographical trajectories characteristic of earlier self-writing by switching their orientation to face the future and by celebrating mid…
This chapter provides a thorough investigation of the modes by which the sanitary administration coevolved coherently with and inseparably from the Spanish state’s modern transport-communication and economic-industrial infrastructures throughout the nineteenth century. It also investigates examines how quarantine institutions functioned as sanitary gateways or entry checkpoints at borders, ph…