Contracts are relevant, frequently central, for a significant number of investment disputes. Yet, the way tribunals ascertain their content remains largely underexplored. How do tribunals interpret contracts in investment treaty arbitration? How should they interpret contracts? Does national law have any role to play? Contract Interpretation in Investment Treaty Arbitration: A Theory of the Inc…
Alternating current field measurement (ACFM) technology has been used for sizing underwater structure cracks. However, conventional ACFM is more sensitive to cracks perpendicular to the induced current than cracks with other angles. In this paper, a rotating alternating current field measurement (RACFM) method and underwater test system are present for the detection of arbitrary-angle cr…
This open access book explores the rise of ecological jurisprudence, a transformative legal theory that challenges traditional legal boundaries. Drawing on over 15 years of research and teaching, the book offers a comprehensive theoretical exploration of this new approach to law, via a comprehensive examination of a wide range of initiatives from around the world, as well as a deep theoretical …
Dieses Open-Access-Essential erläutert die Entwicklung eines digitalen Besuchermanagementsystems für Destinationen von der Bedarfsermittlung bis zur Implementierung und Ausspielung. Zunächst müssen der Bedarf an Entlastungsmaßnahmen ermittelt und Ziele für das Besuchermanagement festgelegt werden. Daten aus diversen Quellen werden verarbeitet, gespeichert und an Gäste und Tourismusmanage…
Da es sich bei der Systemtheorie um eine sehr komplexe Theorie handelt, deren theoretische Leistungsfähigkeit erst durch eine ganzheitliche Betrachtungsweise abrufbar ist, ist es nicht ausreichend mit einzelnen theoretischen Schlagworten zu arbeiten, vielmehr ist eine Beschreibung der systemtheoretischen Logik in der Gesamtbetrachtung notwendig. Daher wird in diesem Kapitel eine grundlege…
The book examines the signifcant role played by radio in empowering women in three West African countries: Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso. The choice of these three countries enables a fair comparison: all three face similar social, economic and political problems, share similar religious, traditional and cultural backgrounds and, most importantly for this book, all suffer from similar, part…
Through the application of scientific methods of analysis to a corpus of medieval manuscripts found in the Cairo Genizah, this work aims to gain a better understanding of the writing materials used by Jewish communities at that time, shedding new light not only on the production of manuscripts in the Middle Ages, but also on the life of those Jewish communities.See Less
Since 2011, democratic transitions in the Middle East and North Africa have mostly failed to consolidate and have been hindered by the difficult economic heritage of previous authoritarian governments. Yet newly established democratic governments must deliver on the expectations of their people, especially the poorer strata, otherwise disillusionment may open the door to restoration of authorit…
This chapter describes the key aspects of public financial management and internal control reform, viewed through a managerial lens. It describes how, without a thorough appreciation of the linkage with management, this reform will at best fail to meet the intended objectives and at worst could add to administrative bureaucracy and hence costs. These are recurrent themes throughout th…
This open access book examines how the adoption of Design Thinking (DT) can support public organisations in overcoming some of the current barriers in e-participation. Scholars have discussed the adoption of technology to strengthen public engagement through e-participation, streamline and enhance the relationship between government and society, and improve accessibility and effectiveness. Howe…