This book discusses the implications of the 2009 EU Commission’s Pharmaceutical Sector Inquiry on originator’s opportunities to apply Intellectual Property related measures in defending against generic competition. It argues that on the one hand recent developments in EU competition law do indeed impose potential limitations on an originator’s ability to block or delay generic market entr…
How did the implementation of the EU Enforcement Directive on IP rights, which was adopted just before the expansion of the EU in May 2004, affect new EU Member States? This monograph is focused on three Baltic countries (Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia) and is aimed to present the collected information on the most relevant historic, social, economic and legal factors of those countries and to ex…
Ever since a legal concept of ‘trademark’ began to emerge after 1860,2 the law regulating trademarks has often been asked to define the contours of this ‘brand’ of property right. Modern day developments continue to raise the issue of the boundaries of trademark rights and the influence of signs and symbols on society. Terrorist attacks, political upheaval, revolutions, changing so…
This book is the result of a Master thesis written between June and early September 2014. Since then, while preparing this version, minor corrections and updates have been made. This work covers a dynamic and fascinating field of intellectual property and competition law, i.e. standardization, which I became interested in during my LL.M. studies at MIPLC. In the process of writing this thesi…
The Community system of design protection,¹ proved to be appealing for the Internal Market participants.² Its power of attraction owes largely to the fact that it grants a fast and cheap protection for a relatively long period of time. Fast, because the registered Community design does not undergo a substantive examination upon registration³ and the unregistered Community design does not req…
Brazil’s insertion into the World Trade Organization (WTO) has stimulated economic growth, as the country has been benefiting from lower trade barriers. The country has accepted the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) – Annex 1C of the WTO agreement – which sets out minimum standards of protection for Intellectual Property (IP) rights. Law No. 9,279,…
n the modern marketplace characterised by a profusion of signs and labels, Community collective marks seem rather absent. Although provided for in the European trade mark legislation, they are underutilised in practice and quite neglected in legal theory, which, in its vast majority, is restricted in mere repetitions and reformulations of the legislative text. In those cases of commentaries whe…
The topic of this book is one of the most contentious, complex and at the same time very important in many respects. Latest achievements in the biotechnology industry related to the stem cell technology are quite important. On the one hand, human embryonic stem cells are viewed as strong tools to be applied for curing or at least alleviating of until now not curable illnesses, such as Alzheimer…
This book investigates lifecycle management strategies used by pharmaceutical companies attempting to maximize the value of their product portfolio. Such strategies are sometimes referred to by generic drug companies as “evergreening”. The analysis focuses on two of these strategies, namely product improvements and product line extensions. In particular, an evaluation of the patents that fo…
Commercial theatre is thriving across Europe and the UK, while public theatre has suffered under changing patterns of cultural consumption—as well as sharp reductions in government subsidies for the arts. At a time when the rationale behind these subsidies is being widely reexamined, it has never been more important for public theatre to demonstrate its continued merit. In Resetting the Stage…