Mengapa negara dan wilayah yang secara historis beragama Katolik umumnya lebih korup dan kurang kompetitif dibandingkan dengan yang secara historis beragama Protestan?. Bagaimana institusionalisasi agama telah mempengaruhi kemakmuran negara-negara di Eropa dan Amerika?. Buku akses terbuka ini menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan kritis tersebut dengan menguraikan faktor-faktor agama yang hegemonik da…
Menghadirkan sejumlah esai terkemuka karya sejarawan budaya Rusia yang terkenal secara internasional, Boris Uspenskij dan Victor Zhivov, kumpulan ini mencakup berbagai karya inovatif yang diterbitkan dalam bahasa Inggris untuk pertama kalinya. Berfokus pada beberapa aspek paling menarik dan problematis dalam perkembangan budaya Rusia, esai-esai ini mengkaji kelangsungan dan reinterpretasi masa …
Di utara Lingkar Arktik terdapat pemukiman Vorkuta, sebuah kamp terkenal dalam sistem interniran Gulag yang menyaksikan tiga momen penting dalam sejarah Rusia. Pada tahun 1930-an, aksi mogok makan yang putus asa oleh tahanan sosialis, korban rezim represif Joseph Stalin, berujung pada eksekusi massal. Pada tahun 1953, aksi mogok para pekerja paksa menandai akhir dari sistem kerja paksa Stalinis…
Libraries and research institutions around the world hold countless manuscripts and early printed books.1 Some of the most prestigious and beautiful reading rooms are dedicated to these rare materials. Even smaller institutions often have their own division and sometimes a separate reading room or area for these holdings
Fugue for J. S. Bach was a natural language; he wrote fugues in organ toccatas and voluntaries, in masses and motets, in orchestral and chamber music, and even in his sonatas for violin solo. The more intimate fugues he wrote for keyboard are among the greatest, most infl uential, and best-loved works in all of Western music. They have long been the foundation of the keyboard repertory, played …
Trafficking in arms and weapons material is, perhaps, one of the most notorious forms of organised crime. Fuelled by both the movie industry as well as real world examples, criminal organisations are widely believed to engage in the trafficking of firearms and weapons material, including nuclear material. This illicit trade is further facilitated by corruption and other forms of collusion with …
Arid environments are basically associated with water scarcity. Therefore, soils will have an extremely low moisture level to support plant and animal life as well as human social life. Sustainability is the long durability of systems and processes within various adapted environmental conditions. Recently, systematic scientific studies on arid environments and sustainability have become more at…
Why has Argentina suffered so much political and economic instability? How could Argentina, once one of the wealthiest countries in the world, failed to meet its potential over decades? What lessons can we take from Argentina's successes and failures? Argentina’s economy is - irresistibly - fascinating. Argentina's economic history - its crises and its triumphs cannot be explained in purel…
Not only developed countries, but also most developing areas of the world, have experienced a surge in obesity prevalence over recent decades. Obesity complications are now among the leading causes of premature mortality, encompassing conditions such as coronary heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. This places a heavy burden on contemporary healthcare systems. While rodent models have li…
Artificial intelligence (AI) is changing the world as we know it. Recent advances are enabling people, companies, and governments to envision and experiment with new methods of interacting with computers and modifying how virtual and physical processes are carried out. One of the fields in which this transformation is taking place is education. After years of witnessing the incorporation of tec…