Buku ini memeriksa lanskap komersial Eropa pada awal perdagangan China, sekitar tahun 1700–1750. Ini melihat periode dasar dari perdagangan Sino-Eropa dan mengeksplorasi dunia usaha swasta di bawah permukaan struktur resmi Perusahaan Hindia Timur. Menggunakan catatan perdagangan swasta yang kaya, buku ini menganalisis pembentukan pasar pan-Eropa, jaringan distribusi, dan pola investasi yang b…
Dalam Printing Spinoza, Jeroen van de Ven secara sistematis memeriksa semua edisi cetak abad ketujuh belas dari tulisan-tulisan Spinoza, yang diterbitkan antara 1663 dan 1694, serta varian 'isu' mereka. Fokusnya adalah pada deskripsi Spinoza tahun 1663 tentang 'Prinsip-Prinsip Filsafat' René Descartes dengan 'Pemikiran Metafisik'nya sendiri, 'Tretis Teologis-Politik' (1670), dan tulisan-tulisa…
Discrete optimization is an important area of Applied Mathematics with a broad spectrum of applications in many fields. This book results from a Special Issue in the journal Mathematics entitled 'Advances and Novel Approaches in Discrete Optimization'. It contains 17 articles covering a broad spectrum of subjects which have been selected from 43 submitted papers after a thorough refereeing proc…
A urinalysis is a simple test that can help find urinary tract-related problems such as kidney disease. It can also pinpoint other serious problems not so closely related to kidneys, such as diabetes, liver disease, or even various cancers. Simply put, urine analyses may provide huge amounts of information to monitor a potential patient's condition. The history of analysis of urine for diagnost…
Organic Electronics is a rapidly evolving multidisciplinary research field at the interface between Organic Chemistry and Physics. Organic Electronics is based on the use of the unique optical and electrical properties of ?-conjugated materials that range from small molecules to polymers. The wide activity of researchers in Organic Electronics is testament to the fact that its potential is huge…
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researcher…
Plastics are crucial materials that are used in daily life. They are manufactured and used until they become waste that negatively impacts the environment and public health. These plastic wastes break down into small particles known as microplastics (MPs) via changes in environmental conditions (i.e., sunlight, temperature, weathering, and irradiation). This reduction in size increases the toxi…
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researcher…
Nowadays, great concerns are associated with the resistance demonstrated by many microorganisms towards the conventional antibiotic therapies. The failure of traditional antimicrobials, and the increasing healthcare costs, have encouraged scientific research and the development of novel antimicrobial agents. Particularly, there is a great deal of interest in nanotechnologies and in antibacteria…
The most important class of polymers is block copolymers (BCPs) since they can be prepared through different methods and exhibit various properties combined with chemically different segments. The importance of block copolymers can be supported by the multitude of related manuscripts published daily, their use in practical applications in almost all areas, and novel discoveries based on BCPs in…