Polypharmacy is a necessary and important aspect of drug treatment; however, it becomes a challenge when the medication risks outweigh the benefits for an individual patient. Drug–drug interactions and the introduction of prescribing cascades are common features of polypharmacy, which can lead to ineffectiveness and increased risk of adverse drug reactions (ADR). Genes encoding CYP450 isozyme…
Industrial / commercial art & design
Industrial / commercial art & design
Manufacturing industries
A digital twin is a digital replica of a living or non-living physical entity, such as a manufacturing process, medical device, piece of medical equipment, and even a person to gain insight into the present and future operational states of each physical twin." With the rapid advancement in manufacturing processes through sensors, the Internet of Things (IoT), modeling software, cloud computing,…
Plant Breeding/Biotechnology; Agriculture; Genetic Engineering; Plant Genetics & Genomics
Plant Breeding/Biotechnology; Agriculture; Genetic Engineering; Plant Genetics & Genomics
This reprint examines regulatory, pricing and reimbursement issues related to the market access and uptake of off-patent biologics, biosimilars, next-generation biologics and competing innovative medicines in European countries.
The aim of this Special Issue is to review, understand, and evaluate new and exciting opportunities from the field on regenerative medicine, biomaterials, and stem cell research for the bioengineering of human liver grafts that can be applied for transplantation and personalized treatment of end-stage liver disease.The development of culture conditions for long-term expansion of LGR5+ intestina…