Over the last several thousand years of human life on Earth, agricultural settlements became urban cores, and these regional settlements became tightly connected through infrastructures transporting people, materials, and information. This global network of urban systems, including ecosystems, is the anthroposphere; the physical flows and stocks of matter and energy within it form its metabolis…
Ilmu pengetahuan hayati berkembang pesat setiap harinya. Peningkatan genomik dan teknik analisis terkait sangat mendorong perkembangan pesat transkriptomik, proteomik, metabolomik, dan fenomenik. Dengan demikian, sarana integrasi sistem dapat digunakan untuk mengungkapkan fenomena kehidupan di berbagai tingkatan. Pemikiran dan metode penelitian di atas melahirkan biologi sistem. Metabolomik mer…
Folate, vitamin B12, vitamin B6 and riboflavin play a key role as coenzymes in one-carbon metabolism which, in turn, is essential for a broad range of fundamental physiological processes, including RNA and DNA synthesis, cell division, tissue growth and methylation. Deficiencies or imbalance of B-vitamins, as well as genetic polymorphisms and environmental factors, are shown to disturb the norm…
This book provides a detailed overview of the current understanding of the metabolic system of starch biosynthesis and degradation in plants. The focus is on new topics regarding the functional interaction between multiple enzymes and the initiation process of starch biosynthesis, which are essential for further understanding of related metabolic features. The book also explains and discusses t…