Dialysis (clearance of uremic toxins and removal of excess fluids) is a broad term for different modalities of treatment for patients with acute and end-stage kidney disease. These modalities include peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis, hemofiltration, hemodiafiltration, and continuous renal replacement therapy for critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. Dialysis is a lifesaving measure…
Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is a slow and smooth continuous extracorporeal blood purification process. It is usually implemented over 24 hours to several days with gentle removal of fluid overload and excess uremic toxins. CRRT, which is based on the physiological principles of diffusion, ultrafiltration, convection, and adsorption, can be performed as slow continuous ultrafiltr…
There are many obstacles in kidney transplantation. For the transplant team, there is the balance between immunosuppression to aid in the recipient's tolerance of the allograft and the infection risk of a suppressed immune system. These potential long term complications of kidney transplantation are relatively well known, but there are many other complications that patients and families do not …