The European Council announced a ban on the Russian media outlets RT and Sputnik in March 2022, just weeks after Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine. The invasion has cost many thousands of lives, created millions of Ukrainian refugees, and caused enormous material damage, but also increased the disinformation activities of Russia in Ukraine and the rest of Europe. The two Russi…
It is a well-known fact both among scholars of propaganda and disinformation, and among political leaders that Sputnik and RT are using their news coverage for disinformation purposes to harm Western and European societies. Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, which enhanced the security threat by disinformation, the EU decided to ban these two media. Against this backdrop, the study asks…