This book is a pioneer attempt to bring forward the first synthesis on the most diverse and threatened mountain top vegetation of South America, the rupestrian grasslands. It brings to light the state of the art information on this ecosystem geology, soil formation and distribution, environmental filters that lead to biodiversity, species interactions and their fine tuned adaptations to survive…
The existence of blue straggler stars, which appear younger, hotter, and more massive than their siblings, is at odds with a simple picture of stellar evolution. Such stars should have exhausted their nuclear fuel and evolved long ago to become cooling white dwarfs. They are found to exist in globular clusters, open clusters, dwarf spheroidal galaxies of the Local Group, OB associations and as …
This book covers the standard material for a one-semester course in multivariable calculus. The topics include curves, differentiability and partial derivatives, multiple integrals, vector fields, line and surface integrals, and the theorems of Green, Stokes, and Gauss. Roughly speaking the book is organized into three main parts corresponding to the type of function being studied: vector-value…
Organic chemistry belongs to a branch of chemistry that is generally associated with compounds containing carbon. It is so important because millions of compounds that contain carbon are related to our daily lives, so organic chemistry has many close connections with living things. For examples, amino acids can react together to form proteins, which help constitute the essential compounds of …
Natural products have been a source of inspiration for chemists and chemical biologists for many years, and have a special relevance in the chemical space. In recent years, several novel synthetic strategies have appeared, such as diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS), biological-oriented synthesis (BiOS), and function-oriented synthesis (FOS), for accessing complex and functionally diverse molecu…
The Gene Ontology (GO) is the leading project to organize biological knowledge on genes and their products in a formal and consistent way across genomic resources. This has had a profound impact at several levels. First, such standardization has made possible the integration of multiple resources and sources of knowledge, thereby increasing their discoverability and simplifying their usage. S…
Thermodynamics and Chemistry is designed primarily as a textbook for a one-semester course in classical chemical thermodynamics at the graduate or undergraduate level. It can also serve as a supplementary text and thermodynamics reference source.
Modern biology is rapidly becoming a study of large sets of data. Understanding these data sets is a major challenge for most life sciences, including the medical, environmental, and bioprocess fields. Computational biology approaches are essential for leveraging this ongoing revolution in omics data. A primary goal of this Special Issue, entitled “Methods in Computational Biology”, is the …
Chemistry is the study of matter, including its composition, its structure, its physical properties, and its reactivity. Although there are many ways to study chemistry, traditionally we divide it into ve areas: organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, biochemistry, physical chemistry, and analytical chemistry. is division is historical and, perhaps, arbitrary, as suggested by current interes…
Petroleum is a legislative term that includes oil, conventional gas and coal seam gas (CSG). However, the general term ‘petroleum and gas’ is often used to refer to both liquid petroleum and gaseous petroleum. The Petroleum and Gas (Production and Safety) Act 2004 and the Petroleum Act 1923 (collectively referred to here as the P&G Acts) authorise petroleum tenure holders to undertake ac…