Abstract In nature, urban groundwater results in multiple processes, including climatic, geological, geomorphological, geochemical, ecotoxicological, and hydraulic processes, in addition to sanitation, all of which sustain varied ecological services. Urban development profoundly impacts hydrological systems, particularly in the invisible component of the water cycle, the groundwater. That impa…
Abstract Breeding for behavioural traits may improve pig welfare and breeding for high production may decrease pig welfare. Maternal behaviours important for piglet production includes savaging, crushing and nursing. Behaviours of importance for production of pigs for slaughter includes feeding behaviour, tail biting and aggressive behaviour. These are complex traits and large amounts of data …
Abstract Unit metallurgical operations processes are usually separated into three categories: 1) hydrometallurgy (leaching, mixing, neutralization, precipitation, cementation, and crystallization); 2) pyrometallurgy (roasting and smelting); and 3) electrometallurgy (aqueous electrolysis and molten salt electrolysis). In hydrometallurgy, the aimed metal is first transferred from ores and concen…
Abstract This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential …
Abstract This chapter focuses on advances in understanding allelopathic interactions between weeds and crops. In the first part, we discuss allelopathy in crop-weed interactions while the second part focuses on practical aspects of allelopathy with reference to IWM. The first part includes a detailed discussion on research findings on buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) as our research group has …
Abstract This book focuses on the latest progress in unconventional oil and gas (such as coalbed methane, shale gas, tight gas, heavy oil, hydrate, etc.) exploration and development, including reservoir characterization, gas origin and storage, accumulation geology, hydrocarbon generation evolution, fracturing technology, enhanced oil recovery, etc. Some new methods are proposed to improve the…
Abstract The term Lithography encompasses a range of contemporary technologies for micro and nano scale fabrication. Originally driven by the evolution of the semiconductor industry, lithography has grown from its optical origins to demonstrate increasingly fine resolution and to permeate fields as diverse as photonics and biology. Today, greater flexibility and affordability are demanded from…
Abstract Turbomachinery refers to machines such as turbines, compressors, and pumps that transfer energy between a rotor and a fluid. This book provides a comprehensive overview of turbomachinery with two sections: “Turbomachinery Problems” and “Turbomachinery Solutions”. Problems discussed include erosion, distortion, and instability. Solutions explored include diagnosis methods like …
Abstract In the major field of design and manufacturing of mechanical, production, automobile, and industrial engineering, typical and advance methodologies and processes are implemented for the best performance of product or machinery. Thus, the concept of tribology has come into practice for even better performance. Nowadays, it is very important that the tribological knowledge be implemente…
Abstract As in many areas of medicine, treatment of viral hepatitis has seen an acceleration of change driven by new therapies and evolving technology. Thanks to the direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs), the era of HCV eradication and cure has begun. As regards to hepatitis B therapy, potent antiviral drugs for suppression of viral replication are available, new research activities to enhance…